Wednesday, September 29, 2010

Anti-Aristotelianisms

I'm sorry to stir up so much trouble, but I'm seeing a basic philosophical problem in the foundation of this line of thinking: when we study history, when we objectify it, and we thereby necessarily affirm a kind of Platonism. We implicitly affirm our own position at some ideal point; a place from which our gaze originates, and at which our soul resides. The present. This location must always lies beyond, outside of the surrounding pattern of worldly events. This point allows us to frame what we observe; to measure 'outer' ('other') events from a fixed perspective, and thus identify definite patterns of interrelationship between and among them. These are the patterns that Plato identifies as the Forms. They are the definite, mathematical functions describing patterns of interrelationship we see manifested in the goings-on of the world around us. These patterns are the only true object of knowledge; at least any knowledge conceived as transcendental familiarity.
The simplest Form as such is the dialectic: binary code! It can compile iteratively and collapse back upon itself to produce all manner of forms. In fact, due to the ordered infinity recognized by Cantor as the Form of the set of all integers, we can literally model any mathematical pattern in binary code. This magical mathematical reducibility underlies the early development and conception of the computer -i.e. by Turing- as a universal instrument; a metamachine. The computer, because its hardware instantiates a dialectical language, can simulate -or model, we could say; mimic- the functional apparatus of any other machine. Including other computer programs, which are really just more limited, more functionally heterogeneous instantiations of mathematical thought, thought of as the continuity of functional syntax...
So does privileging the mathematical necessarily mean that we should devalue more naive kinds of experience? This is an important point to clarify, and Whitehead is one of the best when it comes to this point. In his later work, particularly Modes of Thought, he insisted that Form should not be exclusively identified with thought. Rather, he insists on the relative superficiality of conceptual thought to the totality of our conscious experience:

“The pitfall of philosophy is exclusive concentration on these manageable relationships, to the neglect of the underlying necessities of nature. Thus thinkers repudiate our intimate vague experiences in favor of a mere play of distinct sensations, coupled with a fable about underlying reality.”

And I'm not trying to start a quarrel with Whitehead. On the contrary, I think he raises precisely the point that we need to realize: outmoded linguistic forms can't be dispatched with weapons that they themselves have supplied. The clear conceptual divisions of Aristotelian logic have fascinated our epoch as surely as the songs of the Homeric poets fascinated the public of Plato's and Socrates' time. This is emphatically not to say that it should be abolished, or replaced by a superior form. Just as the transition from oral to literate forms of thought and social organization are and were much more subtle and complex than mere replacement, so does the transition heralded by digital and electronic media today need to learn to include and incorporate the advances made by its predecessor.
When we attempt to negate Aristotelian logic, or to categorize definitively Platonic Idealism, we are actually engaging in nonsensical linguistic operations, we are building programs with recursive loops in them, that will not be able to ever stop, to ever arrive at a solution, but will instead spin around in circles forever. Not that this is necessarily always a bad thing! A trans-Aristotelian-and-Platonic logic would have to learn to perform its data-processing operations without relying on negation, and to think the Forms of things without relying on outmoded categories.
Perhaps to sum this up: in our critique of idealism we are forced to rely on idealism, i.e. in our assumption of categorical formations -idealist/pragmatic, visual/acoustic, spatial/temporal, etc. Derrida, working a little after Havelock, and in a much different milieu, identified a set of similar formations as essential metaphysical binaries of Western Philosophy. Perhaps it is, after all, only through something like the Derridean method of Deconstruction that we could truly achieve the return of a Protagorean, or even a Socratic Pragmatism...?

5 comments:

  1. You lost me here, Blake, but that's not necessarily a bad thing! I love how your posts are always very enthusiastic - your voice really comes through. I don't understand this: "The present. This location must always lie beyond, outside of the surrounding pattern of worldly events." I understand that we study history from this privileged, present perspective, but it's not self-evident to me why/how this is necessarily "outside the surrounding pattern of worldly events?" I also don't get the dialectic=binary code equation. (you don't have to respond to these questions here, I just want you to know that you're not talking to the ether).

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  2. I mean by the present being outside of the purview of history that to the extent that we want our maps of history to be structurally stable and conceptually coherent, we cannot take our own position within the mapped territories into consideration. If we do, we introduce the potentially infinite recursion, maps of maps of maps... So we withhold, or suspend ourselves outside of our maps, and in doing so, we create that little aporia in the map, where ourselves = our presence and position.

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  3. I see what you mean, but I wonder if the authors of the histories we read this week - especially Herodotus - actually do this. It strikes me that he is very much IN his map, and while his persepctive is privileged insofar as he's the speaker, he's not nearly as authoritative a presence as modern historians usually are. He does take his position into consideration, arguing at one point that he doesn't even know if some of the versions of history that he's presenting are true - these are just stories he's been told in his travels. He presents his opinions about which versions are correct as just that.

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  4. I agree. Herodotus seems to me to be one of a very interesting 'antihistory' of thinkers that history kind of ended up ignoring. Thinkers whose work is not easily reduced down to simplistic terms... I'm thinking of Henri Bergson, Bucky Fuller, A.N. Whitehead, Korzybski, Gregory Bateson, etc. Anticanonical thinkers. Herodotus' historical pluralism, or multilinearism, just wasn't able to stand up to Thucydidean unilinearism; the reduction of reality to a series of inevitabilities borne out by power imbalances. I'm overstating this contrast, of course, to make the point. I do think that this subtle difference of Herodotus' inhabitation of his map, as you put it, does end up making a pretty big difference. Because this stylistic choice influences all his other technical choices; the emphases on omens and morality, the contrast between the vastness of empire and the poignance of individuality... I think it all comes down to style ; )

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  5. I really dig these ideas Blake, particularly your connection to Cantor and Turing. I think that binary computer language, as it derives from logical philosophy (Turing was Wittgenstein's student who was Russell's student who was Frege's student) is the manifestation of our rationality, of phronesis itself. This is an exciting because it helps us understand what the digital revolution in consciousness will look like.

    It will mimic the oral to literate switch. When we wrote the alphabet, we outsourced memory and developed a depository for the output and content of our developing rational thought. In so doing we created more mental space to develop that rationality. With computers we've outsourced again but this time it's the process of rational thought itself. Computers, quite literally, "think" for us. So the digital revolution in consciousness will be the creation of mental space in which our minds can do something new, just like before. I think, given the advancement of continental philosophy towards Derrida's deconstruction, this new mental space will be devoted to an understanding of plurality, of many truths, as opposed to the one and singular Truth. With this mental space we'll be able to evaluate a problem from various standpoints, to employ and juggle various theories and decide what truth is the best way to solve it. This is why I think Frank loves Sen's new book so much: Sen's idea of justice is evidence that we're swaying back towards a more Sophistic ontology, which necessitates a more plural and contextual attitude. In this way, because we've outsourced phronesis, we'll really get going on our Anti-Aristotalianisms and become deeply "interdisciplinary," as you say. Cheers!

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